Embedded Python + wxPython + OpenGL

先看一下wxPython官網關於opengl的教學

try:
   import wx
   from wx import glcanvas
except ImportError:
   raise ImportError, "Required dependency wx.glcanvas not present"

try:
   from OpenGL.GL import *
except ImportError:
   raise ImportError, "Required dependency OpenGL not present"

class GLFrame(wx.Frame):
   """A simple class for using OpenGL with wxPython."""

   def __init__(self, parent, id, title, pos=wx.DefaultPosition,
                size=wx.DefaultSize, style=wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE,
                name='frame'):
       #
       # Forcing a specific style on the window.
       #   Should this include styles passed?
       style = wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE | wx.NO_FULL_REPAINT_ON_RESIZE

       super(GLFrame, self).__init__(parent, id, title, pos, size, style, name)

       self.GLinitialized = False
       attribList = (glcanvas.WX_GL_RGBA, # RGBA
                     glcanvas.WX_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, # Double Buffered
                     glcanvas.WX_GL_DEPTH_SIZE, 24) # 24 bit

       #
       # Create the canvas
       self.canvas = glcanvas.GLCanvas(self, attribList=attribList)

       #
       # Set the event handlers.
       self.canvas.Bind(wx.EVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND, self.processEraseBackgroundEvent)
       self.canvas.Bind(wx.EVT_SIZE, self.processSizeEvent)
       self.canvas.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.processPaintEvent)

   #
   # Canvas Proxy Methods

   def GetGLExtents(self):
       """Get the extents of the OpenGL canvas."""
       return self.canvas.GetClientSize()

   def SwapBuffers(self):
       """Swap the OpenGL buffers."""
       self.canvas.SwapBuffers()

   #
   # wxPython Window Handlers

   def processEraseBackgroundEvent(self, event):
       """Process the erase background event."""
       pass # Do nothing, to avoid flashing on MSWin

   def processSizeEvent(self, event):
       """Process the resize event."""
       if self.canvas.GetContext():
           # Make sure the frame is shown before calling SetCurrent.
           self.Show()
           self.canvas.SetCurrent()

           size = self.GetGLExtents()
           self.OnReshape(size.width, size.height)
           self.canvas.Refresh(False)
       event.Skip()

   def processPaintEvent(self, event):
       """Process the drawing event."""
       self.canvas.SetCurrent()

       # This is a 'perfect' time to initialize OpenGL ... only if we need to
       if not self.GLinitialized:
           self.OnInitGL()
           self.GLinitialized = True

       self.OnDraw()
       event.Skip()

   #
   # GLFrame OpenGL Event Handlers

   def OnInitGL(self):
       """Initialize OpenGL for use in the window."""
       glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1)

   def OnReshape(self, width, height):
       """Reshape the OpenGL viewport based on the dimensions of the window."""
       glViewport(0, 0, width, height)

       glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION)
       glLoadIdentity()
       glOrtho(-0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, -1, 1)

       glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW)
       glLoadIdentity()

   def OnDraw(self, *args, **kwargs):
       "Draw the window."
       glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)

       # Drawing an example triangle in the middle of the screen
       glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES)
       glColor(0, 0, 0)
       glVertex(-.25, -.25)
       glVertex(.25, -.25)
       glVertex(0, .25)
       glEnd()

       self.SwapBuffers()

app = wx.PySimpleApp()
frame = GLFrame(None, -1, 'GL Window')
frame.Show()

app.MainLoop()
app.Destroy()

但是不能執行，這是因為mac中沒有pyOpenGL。而我們也不想安裝pyOpenGL，所以先把opengl的部份換掉

try:
   import wx
   import mymodule
   from wx import glcanvas
except ImportError:
   raise ImportError, "Required dependency wx.glcanvas not present"

class GLFrame(wx.Frame):
   """A simple class for using OpenGL with wxPython."""

   def __init__(self, parent, id, title, pos=wx.DefaultPosition,
                size=wx.DefaultSize, style=wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE,
                name='frame'):
       #
       # Forcing a specific style on the window.
       #   Should this include styles passed?
       style = wx.DEFAULT_FRAME_STYLE | wx.NO_FULL_REPAINT_ON_RESIZE

       super(GLFrame, self).__init__(parent, id, title, pos, size, style, name)

       self.GLinitialized = False
       attribList = (glcanvas.WX_GL_RGBA, # RGBA
                     glcanvas.WX_GL_DOUBLEBUFFER, # Double Buffered
                     glcanvas.WX_GL_DEPTH_SIZE, 24) # 24 bit

       #
       # Create the canvas
       self.canvas = glcanvas.GLCanvas(self, attribList=attribList)

       #
       # Set the event handlers.
       self.canvas.Bind(wx.EVT_ERASE_BACKGROUND, self.processEraseBackgroundEvent)
       self.canvas.Bind(wx.EVT_SIZE, self.processSizeEvent)
       self.canvas.Bind(wx.EVT_PAINT, self.processPaintEvent)

   #
   # Canvas Proxy Methods

   def GetGLExtents(self):
       """Get the extents of the OpenGL canvas."""
       return self.canvas.GetClientSize()

   def SwapBuffers(self):
       """Swap the OpenGL buffers."""
       self.canvas.SwapBuffers()

   #
   # wxPython Window Handlers

   def processEraseBackgroundEvent(self, event):
       """Process the erase background event."""
       pass # Do nothing, to avoid flashing on MSWin

   def processSizeEvent(self, event):
       """Process the resize event."""
       if self.canvas.GetContext():
           # Make sure the frame is shown before calling SetCurrent.
           self.Show()
           self.canvas.SetCurrent()

           size = self.GetGLExtents()
           self.OnReshape(size.width, size.height)
           self.canvas.Refresh(False)
       event.Skip()

   def processPaintEvent(self, event):
       """Process the drawing event."""
       self.canvas.SetCurrent()

       # This is a 'perfect' time to initialize OpenGL ... only if we need to
       if not self.GLinitialized:
           self.OnInitGL()
           self.GLinitialized = True

       self.OnDraw()
       event.Skip()

   #
   # GLFrame OpenGL Event Handlers

   def OnInitGL(self):
       """Initialize OpenGL for use in the window."""
       mymodule.OnInitGL()

   def OnReshape(self, width, height):
       """Reshape the OpenGL viewport based on the dimensions of the window."""
       mymodule.OnReshape(width,height)

   def OnDraw(self, *args, **kwargs):
       "Draw the window."
       glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT)

       # Drawing an example triangle in the middle of the screen
       mymodule.OnDraw()

       self.SwapBuffers()

app = wx.PySimpleApp()
frame = GLFrame(None, -1, 'GL Window')
frame.Show()

app.MainLoop()
app.Destroy()

這時你因該注意到mymodule這個未知的Module吧。當然現在還不能執行。
我們必須在Ｃ的檔案中，定義mymodule（詳細說明請參閱thinker的為 Embedded Python 擴充 Submodules）。

PyObject *OnInitGL(PyObject *self) {
 glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1);
 return PyString_FromString("GL Init");
}
PyObject *OnReshape(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 int a, b;

 if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ii", &a, &b)) return NULL;
 glViewport(0, 0, a, b);

 glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
 glLoadIdentity();
 glOrtho(-0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, -1, 1);

 glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
 glLoadIdentity();
 return PyString_FromString("Reshape");
}
PyObject *OnDraw(PyObject *self) {
 glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
 glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
 glColor3f(0, 0, 0);
 glVertex2f(-0.25, -0.25);
 glVertex2f(0.25, -0.25);
 glVertex2f(0, 0.25);
 glEnd();
 return PyString_FromString("Draw");
}

PyMethodDef methods[] = {
 {"OnInitGL", (PyCFunction)OnInitGL, METH_NOARGS, "OnInitGL document"},
 {"OnReshape", (PyCFunction)OnReshape, METH_VARARGS, "OnReshape document"},
 {"OnDraw", (PyCFunction)OnDraw, METH_NOARGS, "OnDraw document"},
 { NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}
};

在main()中加入

Py_InitModule("mymodule", methods);

整個主程式

//將SCRIPT_PATH設定成py檔和執行檔的相對路徑
#define SCRIPT_PATH "/"
//設定mymodule
PyObject *OnInitGL(PyObject *self) {
 glClearColor(1, 1, 1, 1);
 return PyString_FromString("GL Init");
}
PyObject *OnReshape(PyObject *self, PyObject *args) {
 int a, b;

 if(!PyArg_ParseTuple(args, "ii", &a, &b)) return NULL;
 glViewport(0, 0, a, b);

 glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION);
 glLoadIdentity();
 glOrtho(-0.5, 0.5, -0.5, 0.5, -1, 1);

 glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW);
 glLoadIdentity();
 return PyString_FromString("Reshape");
}
PyObject *OnDraw(PyObject *self) {
 glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT);
 glBegin(GL_TRIANGLES);
 glColor3f(0, 0, 0);
 glVertex2f(-0.25, -0.25);
 glVertex2f(0.25, -0.25);
 glVertex2f(0, 0.25);
 glEnd();
 return PyString_FromString("Draw");
}

PyMethodDef methods[] = {
 {"OnInitGL", (PyCFunction)OnInitGL, METH_NOARGS, "OnInitGL document"},
 {"OnReshape", (PyCFunction)OnReshape, METH_VARARGS, "OnReshape document"},
 {"OnDraw", (PyCFunction)OnDraw, METH_NOARGS, "OnDraw document"},
 { NULL, NULL, 0, NULL}
};
int main(int argc, char* argv[]) {
 char pch[1024]={0};
 char scriptpath[1024]={0};
 int i=strrchr(argv[0],'/')-argv[0];
 strncpy (pch,argv[0],i);
 strcpy(scriptpath,SCRIPT_PATH);
 strcat(pch,scriptpath);
 strcat(pch,"/gui.py");
 FILE *fp;

 Py_Initialize();
 //啓動mymodule
 Py_InitModule("mymodule", methods);
 fp = fopen(pch, "r");
 PyRun_SimpleFile(fp, "gui.py");
 fclose(fp);

 Py_Finalize();
}

編譯時記得連結 -lpython2.5 -framework OpenGL